[86], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. Both sides had vigilante groups who plundered and destroyed property. "Porter Rockwell". [36], When about thirty Latter Day Saints approached the polling place, a Missourian named Dick Weldon declared that in Clay County the Mormons had not been allowed to vote, "no more than negroes". With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. I will not obey your order. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 State Militia to put down the Mormon insurrection against the state. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter". News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. [11], Mormon petitions and lawsuits failed to bring any satisfaction: the non-Mormons in Jackson refused to allow the Mormons to return and reimbursement for confiscated and damaged property was refused. Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter-day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. [83] The mob gave no quarter. This literature review will focus on the time period from 1838 to 1839, during which the Mormon War took place. [13] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results.[22]. [1] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. Even people who otherwise would have had no sympathy for the Mormons were appalled by Boggs's Executive Order and the treatment of the Mormons by the mobs. The Missouri Argus published an editorial on December 20, 1838, that public opinion should not permit the Mormons to forcibly be expelled from the state: They cannot be driven beyond the limits of the statethat is certain. DeVoto, Bernard (2000). My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. [96][97], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. its a blog about my life. "[86][88], Joseph Smith Jr. and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. In the early part of 1838, Mormons started to settle outside of Caldwell which, once again, upset some Missourians so conflict broke out. 1838 Mormon War. Publish Date: Apr 01, 1987. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle". In this 1842 letter, Mormon dissenter George M. Hinkle rashly accused Joseph Smith of plotting to poison the Missourians' water supply. The conflict was preceded by the eviction of the Mormons from Jackson County, Missouri, in 1833. 1838 Mormon War - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. Today, Mormonism is one of the most widely accepted religions in the US. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. Surrounded by the state militia, the mood in besieged Far West was uneasy. Joseph Smith and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. To William Wines Phelps, a fellow Latter Day Saint and witness to the events, Hinkle wrote: "When the facts were laid before Joseph, did he not say, 'I will go'; and did not the others go with him, and that, too, voluntarily, so far as you and I were concerned? The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. Amazon.com: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (Volume 1): 9780826207296: LeSueur, Stephen C.: Libros. [30] The text of this speech was endorsed by Joseph Smith, who appeared at the event and participated in the raising of a liberty pole. On November 1, 1838, Smith surrendered at Far West, the church's headquarters, ending the war. The Latter-day Saints were to give up their leaders for trial and to surrender all of their arms. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. Lucas tried Joseph Smith and other Mormon leaders by court martial on November 1, the evening of the surrender. Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. 780740 226073477 2008-07-16T18:35:16Z Karl Andrews 343115 /* Background */ 226073477 2008-07-16T18:35:16Z Karl Andrews 343115 /* Background */ The state militia broke ranks and fled across the river. Sunday, June 5, 2016. Sometimes, it's also called the Missouri Mormon War. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. Lyman Wight took his army and attacked Millport. Rumors among both parties spread that there were casualties in the conflict. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." The Latter Day Saints were to give up their leaders for trial and to surrender all of their arms. On the afternoon of 24 October 1838, some of Bogart's men, operating independently of Bogart's main command, took two Mormon spies prisoner at a home where the Mormon "spy company" (a group of Mormons who had been assembled to scout the movements of Bogart and other anti-Mormon vigilantes in the area [12]) was quartered. [120], Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder,[118] although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. Jacob Stollings, a Gallatin merchant, was reported to have been generous in selling to Mormons on credit, but his store was plundered and burned with the rest. LDS Living. [56], When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[74] 1) June-July 1838: The Danites served as internal regulators, intimidating (and expelling) dissenters from Far West, Missouri, as well as regulating efforts to consecrate properties and voting patterns among the Saints. [113], Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder,[111] although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. Tensions built up between the rapidly growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. These days, that conflict is known as the 1838 Mormon War. ISBN-13: 9780826207296. The Mormon-Missouri War (also called the Mormon War or the Missouri War) was an armed conflict between the Latter-day Saints and other citizens of northern Missouri in the fall of 1838. Durante el conflicto fueron asesinadas 22 personas (3 mormones y 1 no mormn en el ro Crooked y 18 mormones en Haun's Mill). [79], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. [31], In the speech, Rigdon declared that the Latter Day Saints would no longer be driven from their homes by persecution from without or dissension from within, and that if enemies came again to drive out the Saints, "And that mob that comes on us to disturb us, it shall be between us and them a war of extermination; for we will follow them until the last drop of their blood is spilled; or else they will have to exterminate us, for we will carry the seat of war to their own houses and their own families, and one party or the other shall be utterly destroyed"[26], The Gallatin Election Day Battle was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. "[58], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. [20] Mormons felt that the compromise only excluded major settlements in Clay County and Ray County, not Daviess County and Carroll County. Ebenezer Robinson described the scene at Far West, "General Clark made the following speech to the brethren on the public square:'The orders of the governor to me were, that you should be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in the state, and had your leaders not been given up, and the terms of the treaty complied with, before this, you and your families would have been destroyed and your houses in ashes.'"[90]. Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Missourians. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! [15] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. And Subsequent Expulsion. They committed a form ritualized murder known as Blood Atonement. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jones took him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. [99], Daviess County residents were outraged by the escape of Smith and the other leaders. [62] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. [1] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. Once Latter-day Saints were disarmed, mounted squads visited Mormon settlements with threats and enough beatings and destruction of homes to force flight. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became its new headquarters. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. I was surprised to find out he was mapping Mormon history sites in Missouri as an undergrad. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three Mormon Wars. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[98][99]. Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. The Mormon War is a name that . [25][26], At the same time Mormons, including Sampson Avard, began to organize a secret society known as the Danites, whose purposes included obeying the church presidency "right or wrong" and expelling the dissenters from Caldwell County. Mormon was the name of a prophet from that record who edited religious writings of people who originally came from Jerusalem at about 600 B.C. Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. It read: "Headquarters of the Militia," City of Jefferson, Oct. 27, 1838. Soon after the "Extermination Order" was issued, vigilantes attacked an outlying Mormon settlement and killed . The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. [86] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace". When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. Details; Description; Reviews; Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. [100], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. 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