Green stands for the fertility and growth of the land. Four stripes represent the Four districts of the county). One-stop digest of politics, economics, and culture. [4], The State Council has the power to impeach the Premier (State Governor), through a Motion of confidence. Blue stands for Liberty and perseverance). [4], Each of the three states are entitled to a flag and an, a sign of their importance within the federation and their culture. Olive tree branch stands for Peace and the Hammer stands for Determination of the people). Growth rate, median age, fertility rate, area, density, population density, urbanization, urban population, share of world population. Germany conquered Buea in 1891 after several years of fighting, transferring the colonial capital there in 1892 from Douala. West Cameroon was divided into two administrative regions, which survive today: the "North West" and "South West" regions.[32]. Secession related crises are fast becoming omnipresent in Africa and have led to the fragmentation and division of many nations. White stands for Providence from God, hope and peace. Many inhabitants identify as Anglophones and resent what they perceive as discrimination and efforts to eliminate Anglophone legal, administrative, educational, and cultural institutions by the Cameroonian government. In 2018, Nigerian security forces located, arrested, and extradited 10 Cameroonian separatist leaders residing in the country. [15] This boundary was recognized internationally in 1922 and Britain and France were given control of their respective regions as League of Nations Mandates. Cameroon and gave the new name of the country as Republic of Cameroon without r ecognizing the Ambazonia in the term. Midterm Elections). List of countries in Africa. The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. }(window, document, 'script', Nigerian authorities have used lethal force against peaceful pro-Biafra protesters, which has left at least 150 civilians dead, according to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. Accordingto lawyer Henry Baaboh, Southern Cameroons or Ambazonia does not need to fight for independence because it already attained it in 1961. A monthly digest of the top articles read by FP subscribers. [34], Flag of Meme. How does industry define morality? Allied naval superiority allowed the swift capture of the Cameroonian coast, cutting the Germans off from reinforcement or resupply. The term Ambazonia is more usually associated with the separatist or independence-seeking faction, while the Cameroonian government and other official sources, such as the UN, continue to refer to the "Northwest Region" and "Southwest Region" (or sometimes the "NoSo" regions), the official names of the two administrative provinces since 1972. White stands for Hope, Peace and wisdom under God. In 1967, following two failed military coups and targeted ethnic violence and persecution, the Igbo people came together to form the secessionist state of Biafra, triggering a brutal two-year civil war during which the Nigerian military imposed a blockade of the state, which caused between 500,000 to 2 million civilians to die from starvation. Flag of Savannah State. Keep up with the world without stopping yours. Observers have previously suggested that the Cameroonian government has rerouted U.S.-origin military equipment and U.S.-trained military personnel from the fight against Boko Haram in Cameroons Far North region to the Anglophone conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regionsand in 2019, the U.S. government reduced military spending to Cameroon over human rights abuses. In October 2017, English-speaking separatists declared a breakaway state known as "Ambazonia". [17] The districts are made up of tribal territories run by Chiefs, Fon etc or villages. Africa Institute of South Africa . In 1858, the British missionary Alfred Flag of the Cameroon 19611975 with two stars representing the two federated states, Federal Republic of Cameroon and 1972 Constitution (19611972), Unitary state and growing Anglophone discontent (19722015), Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999), African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation, Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front, Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", Cameroons Anglophone separatists have created their own cryptocurrency, "Who are Cameroon's self-named Ambazonia secessionists?". The State flag is raised alongside the National flag on State institutions or State property, while the County flag is raised alongside both the State flag and National flag on local or county institution or property.[22]. Bird stands for Freedom, vision and wisdom. [37], Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", Cameroons Anglophone separatists have created their own cryptocurrency, "Cameroon Head of State's Message to the Nation 2019", "Cameroon Humanitarian Response Plan (March 2021)", Ambazonia War drowns SDF 28th Anniversary, "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis is threatening to spin out of control", "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: The imminent brink of war", "President cracks down on, shuts Anglophone universities", "Cameroon continues its oppression of English speakers", Separatist Welcome Biyas Military Option, Say They Are Ready, "Three Indicted for Involvement in Violent Crisis in Cameroon", "Cameroon's Anglophone crisis: Red Dragons and Tigers", https://www.ambazoniagov.org/index.php/about-us/who-we-are, "Cameroon Separatists Enforce Curfew After President Says Troops Crushing Rebellion", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=States_of_Ambazonia&oldid=1134368978, Ambazonian or Ambalander or Southern Cameroonians, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 09:56. No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between . Two unequal former colonies became a single federal state; however, the disparities between the two were not addressed. The name Ambazonia comes from Ambas Bay. Grievances of Anglophone Cameroonians date back to 1961, when the region was granted independence from Britain. Download the FP mobile app to read anytime, anywhere. Golden bird stands for the Value, determination and freedom). The States are governed by a State Governor who is elected into office by a Plurality vote. Delivered Friday. document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { [25] Both 1999 and 2009 saw symbolic declarations of independence by Ambazonian nationalists, which led to arrests but little concrete action. The worlds longest-serving autocrat will be feted this week in Washington. [19] Despite calls by Southern Cameroons leaders for full independence as a separation nation, United Nations' resolutions 1350 (XIII) of March 13, 1959 and 1352 (XIV) of October 16, 1959 called for plebiscites in Southern Cameroons and Northern Cameroons with two alternatives for ending the trusteeship: joining Nigeria or joining Cameroon. Major non-ASC groups include the Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) and the Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF), which both cooperate with the ASC on some level.[61]. We like to defer to God when there is a problem to solve! 2 global climate envoy, joined FP editor in chiefRavi Agrawal to discuss Washingtons climate policy, and how it is being seen around the world. Biafrans and Anglophone Cameroonians share a common enemy: Fulani herders, a nomadic ethnic group present across West and Central Africa. Address: 11207A Lockwood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, Phone Number: (301) 593-4879 The Sun stands for the Birth of a new day, prosperity. facebookTracking(); In Nigeria, the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) is a secessionist group that advocates for the creation of the independent country of Biafra. It is located between Nigeria to the west and north, and Cameroun to the east; it is wedged between West Africa and the former French Equatorial Africa. All progress of employment, appointments, etc. White flower stands for hope, rebirth and peace. Then RusShow moresia invaded Ukraine, and businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Russian market. Yellow/Gold stands for Prosperity and value. Essential analysis of the stories shaping geopolitics on the continent. Despite a shared religion, the increasing involvement of Fulani in Cameroons Anglophone conflict is unlikely to fuse with the Boko Haram insurgency in the Far North region, and there is no evidence to suggest there has been a merging of the conflicts thus far, according to Akem Kelvin Nkwain, a human rights officer at CHRDA. Reports of indiscriminate killings, torture, rape and other gender-based violence by both sides have been widely reported. Want to read more on this topic or region? Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Cameroon Are Joining Forces. During this period various independence and federalist factions joined to form the Southern Cameroons National Council, a pressure group which undertook initiatives at the UN, the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Commonwealth, and with national embassies to bring attention to the region and Anglophone issues in Cameroon. [20] Two reports by English economists, the Phillipson Report in 1959 and the Berrill Report in 1960 both concluded that Southern Cameroons would not be able to continue to finance development and growth as an independent state. The party with a majority vote within a county forms the county government. So this is very big for our cause, in our fight against these Fulani, particularly those who are coming in from Nigeria.. On the west towards the border to Nigeria the lowlands of the Mamfe basin can be found. [27] Along with the new constitution, the country's name was changed from 'Federal Republic of Cameroon' to the 'United Republic of Cameroon'. More ways to stay updated on global news: By submitting your email, you agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and to receive email correspondence from us. The Nigerian and Cameroonian militaries are well equipped and well trained, as both countries receive military support and training from foreign governments including the United States, France, and the United Kingdom for anti-terrorism efforts. Required fields are marked *. Still, escalating violence in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon will only add to national and regional security challenges at a time when the region is already struggling with plummeting economies, democratic backsliding, and a resurgence of violent extremism and terrorism. There are protected areas like the Korup National Park[62] or the Takamanda National Park. Lets watch and see if the so-called Amnesty International will condemn this attack, and CALL the ambazonia TERRORISTS for what they are. Addendum document A/4727", "Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis at the Crossroads", "memo of 12th April 1966 of the french ambassador in Cameroon to the french foreign minister", "Gorji-Dinka v. Cameroon, Comm. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. These political changes were viewed by many Anglophone people as an attempt to absorb or do away with all that they brought into the union-including the legal, political and educational systems. The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. Britain established Ambas Bay Protectorate in 1884 with Victoria as its capital. [49] In practice, pro-independence militias operate largely autonomously from political leaders, who are mostly in exile.[50]. Golden Star stands for Leadership, unity and prosperity). Media in category "Ambazonia" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. The armed insurgency has turned into a guerrilla war, killing thousands of people, displacing nearly . forces and militants fighting for an independent "Ambazonia," a name . In May 1985, he was arrested, imprisoned, and then put under house arrest for three years before escaping first to Nigeria and then to the United Kingdom.[36]. [33], Flag of Ndian County. The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. Black stands for the people, the culture. Tribal leaders are recognized by the constitution and have tribal authority. Premiers (State Governors) can also make laws but must not go against the constitution or the federal law (Presidential laws/decree). Delivered Wednesday & Sunday. The name is derived from Ambas Bay, the bay at the territory's sea coast directly facing the Equatoguinean Island of Bioko. Business Name: OverReacher Empire Corporation t.async = !0; The scope of the alliance will include joint operations and training bases, Capo Daniel, the deputy defense chief of the Ambazonia Defense Forces, the military wing of the Ambazonia Governing Council, told Foreign Policy. In early 1985, Anglophone lawyer and President of the Cameroon Bar Association Fon Gorji Dinka circulated a number of essays and pamphlets arguing that the Biya government was unconstitutional and calling for an independent Republic of Ambazonia. Flying bird stands for Freedom, wisdom and protection). Activists across Africa have watched in amazement as the EFF in its short existence have successfully championed the course of the African people and has spoken severally about the plight of the Ambazonian people. Blue stands for vigilance and perseverance. This then spreads to other parts of West Africa where you have populations that identify with the Fulani or with Peul [another name for ethnic Fulani], and then they may either feel victimized or pinpointed or isolated or targeted., The Biafran and Ambazonian movements are both fractured, and not all factions support the alliance and rising violence. Legally, maybe we can talk about secession or separation., In 1984, President Paul Biya changed the status of the country from United Republic of Cameroon to Republic of Cameroon, Read more:Soldiers in Cameroon shoot dead several independence activists. The protests that began as a movement against police brutality have much bigger goalsincluding regime change. Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Camero Want to read more on this topic or region? In 1966, he succeeded in banning opposition political parties, establishing a one-party state. Briefing: Cameroon's intensifying conflict and what it means for civilians, "Gorji Dinka Releases Ambazonia Message | CameroonPostline", "Cameroon Head of State's Message to the Nation 2019", "Cameroon Humanitarian Response Plan (March 2021)", "Colonial Administrative Integration of African Territories: Identity and Resistance in Nigeria's Southern Cameroons, 19221961", "United Nations Trusteeship Council. [57], The war has been characterized by guerilla attacks by separatist militias against both security forces and against civilians suspected of collaboration or simply failing to abide militia's declared school and election boycotts or "lockdowns" which prevent all travel and activity. [37] At a second All Anglophone Conference held in Bamenda the call for the Cameroon government to accept a return to the two state federation was reiterated with some voices explicitly calling for secession. Cameroons Anglophone Crisis: How to Get to Talks? The Nigerians have failed to act, the international community has failed to act, so we have no other choice but to get into an alliance that can better our chances to defend ourselves.. By. The post-colonial philosophy that made most alliances with Africa and the West look like a beautiful young girl toasted around by suitors or bidders, and whose will does not count, led to the establishment of Transactional alliances and not genuine partnership alliances. For the past three weeks, an encampment of activists from Ambazonia, the English-speaking territory also known as Southern Cameroon, has been holding vigil outside the Nigerian Embassy in South . Across the country, Fulani have been accused of killing thousands of Nigerians amounting to crimes against humanity and genocidal massacres against Christians, according to Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch. d provide massive tax credits to programs investing in clean energy. A curated selection of our very best long reads. Ambazonia Interim Government, a separatist group in Cameroon, has emphasised that its agitations for a separate country have nothing in common with that of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). Chinese domestic instability could encourage the CCP to attack the Taiwanese archipelagos of Kinmen and Matsu. I think it is that third option which is disturbing Southern Cameroonians up to this day. Ever since the two territories became one, Anglophone Cameroonians have complained they arepolitically and economically marginalized. Military Excesses Its Friday December 14, 2018, and the Mile 17 bus station in Buea, capital of the South West Region, is busy like a beehive. Succeeded in banning opposition political parties, establishing a one-party State Protectorate in 1884 Victoria... There is a problem to solve a common enemy: Fulani herders, a nomadic ethnic group present across and! Conquered Buea in 1891 after several years of fighting, transferring the colonial capital there 1892. 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