After all, castration is the way weve been doing things for hundreds of years now. Our anesthesia and patient care protocols will be tailored to your dog's breed and size. "@type": "EmergencyService", Everything You Need to Know About Sphynx Cats. A vasectomy is an entirely different procedure than the standard castration, with the only similarity being that it takes away a dogs ability to reproduce. The main advantage of neutering for me is the prevention of reproduction, which a vasectomy would also solve. Sure, neutering will typically rid you of the roaming, the pee-peeing over any available surface, freaky behavior around bitches in heat, and the triple terror of testicular tumors, perineal hernias and prostatic enlargement. Similar to neutering, the cost will depend on multiple factors, including where you live, what type of vet you choose, your dog's breed, size, and age. Moreover, aggression is not a product of testosterone but instead, in the vast majority of cases, an ontogenesis of fear, which in turn arises from misguided or inadequate socialization and training and the absence of a basic structure of life in concert with a human a dog understands. A vasectomy, on the other hand, will not only give you a sterile dog but also make sure your pet never gets testicular cancer. After a vasectomy the testes continue to produce testosterone, which means that he will continue to have the same behavior characteristics of an unaltered male dog. It offers cost-effective and economic spaying services in major cities. Indeed, removing the testes means theres no testicular cancer to worry about, fewer perineal hernias, low rates of perianal adenomas, and no benign prostatic enlargement to fuss over. Removing the entirety of the testicular tissue permanently eliminates the vast majority of his testosterone production. He doesn't do any of the "bad" things other intact males do. Fighting also increases cats risk of becoming exposed to and infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV, aka cat AIDS) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). Consequently, cats should not be allowed to roam freely and dogs should not be unsupervised around unneutered female dogs during this time. However, neuter procedures will ensure that no unwanted puppies are produced and will make it easier to take your dog out among other dogs without the risk of unwanted behaviors. Hes a Boston terrior mix, probably some Jack Russell. Aggressive dogs who are neutered do not become less aggressive as a result of surgery. Some studies strongly suggest that cruciate ligament disease and the rate of certain cancers are elevated in castrated males. The one dog that I had that really didn't like other dogs much, was far more relaxed once he was neutered. These include when to neuter a dog, what to expect during and after surgery, and what other options are available. Because vasectomy is not widespread, no studies have been done on potential health problems with the procedure as have been done with neutering. Well, why the heck not? It just made sense. So did not trying to master all the medical literature. He's 18 months now and he's definitely not done growing, but we saw no change in behavior or personality and I have little worry that he'll develop any health problems because we desexed him. Even in humans, about 1 in 2000 patients will spontaneously reverse the process, with the divided ductus deferens fusing and reopening (Editor). 2023 American Modern Insurance Group, Inc. Is vasectomy a reasonable alternative to traditional castration for dogs? Itll be an interesting experiment it took a LOT of time, but I ended up with an opinion different from what I thought I might have. We had both Ty and Buster neutered Ty at 6 months and Buster at 12 months (when we rescued him). At his age he's about to be who he actually is, vs a puppy. Once you go to a vet, they will check your dogs weight and ask for its age before providing you with an estimate. Vasectomies are not common procedure in vet med for several reasons. What can go wrong? Gross topic, but would be useful for me, at least. The low cost and speed of the Zeuterin injection makes it ideal for use at shelters and veterinary clinics. The side effects of vasectomy are typically less severe than those of other forms of contraception. The two incisions are generally small, but still require about a week of limited activity for proper recovery. Average Cost of a Dog Vasectomy (US) Actually, it's not a highly expensive procedure like you would think. Both of these diseases are spread through cat bites and are contagious and incurable. Are a dog's balls removed when neutered? Uses one incision just in front of the scrotum to remove both testicles and tie off the spermatic cord. Ultimately, the best decision for a dogs specific health and well-being is up to them. If any of these medical disorders were to emerge later in life, castration would end up as the first line of treatment. Idea for next topic. Based on these musings, I decided to ask a few board-certified veterinary surgeons to weigh in: How hard is a vasectomy to perform? NOTICE: Due to current capacity limitations, we reserve urgent care appointments for established clients. Some dog parents would like their pups to maintain their hormones for various reasons, and may be more comfortable with this option. There are a lot of pros and cons to neutering vs not as well. Yet as science advances, as it inexorably does, what was laughed at by a gray-haired professor over a decade ago may just be the most responsible thing I might advocate ten years from now. Even the most responsible owner can have an accident. Seminomas, interstitial cell tumours and Sertoli cell tumours are the most frequently seen types. As for a vasectomy, I really dont see a point to it. However, some people believe that neutering a male dog can help reduce his risk of developing prostate cancer, a common cancer in dogs. There are many valid reasons to neuter your dog, according to AmericanHumane.org, approximately 3.7 million animals are euthanized at shelters annually because there just are not enough willing and able adopters for them. }, Veterinarians perform these surgical procedures, which render dogs incapable of reproducing. Yes, the single most commonly queried issue has to do with how to source a vasectomy for dogs. de la Riva GT, Hart B, et al. There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on a variety of factors including the age of the man and the health of his partner. Yes, sometimes they, Why Tubal Ligations and Vasectomies for Pets Can Be Like Pulling Teeth (And What YOU Can Do About It), Advantages of Spaying or Neutering Your Cat. High levels of testosterone are associated with all kinds of ailments. You can expect to pay up to $3,000 in outpatient procedure expenses for an adult human male vasectomy. Beverley Ho BSc(VetSci)(Hons) BVM&S MRCVS. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common prostatic disease in older dogs, whereby the prostate gland becomes abnormally enlarged. (View Real Pictures). I ask only because Archie has a plethora of small fatty tumors. What is the difference between a neuter and a vasectomy? Consequently, cats should not be allowed to roam freely and dogs should not be unsupervised around unneutered female dogs during this time. A vasectomy is a surgery that is done to remove the vas deferens, which is a tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the epididymis. Because the neural structures and behavioural patterning are different, so you cant automatically read behaviour changes across between species who are not very closely related (and not always then). But when it comes to health care, the best option shouldnt be the better sounding one or whats in fashion. ], Additionally, a vasectomy may also cause a decrease in the flow of blood to the brain, which could lead to a decline in brain function. Vasectomies would not reduce such behaviors. Coverage is subject to policy terms, conditions, limitations, exclusions, underwriting review, and approval, and may not be available for all risks or in all states. PetSmart Grooming Prices 101: Services, Costs, and More, Reasons Why Your Dog Is Limping After It Lays Down. Vets recommend castration in male dogs and cats to stop their reproductive abilities, as well as reduce and prevent multiple health and behavioural issues. They are not only loyal and friendly but they can also be helpful in a number of ways. These advantages and disadvantages pertain not only to the canine athlete or performance dog but to all dogs regardless of lifestyle. A vasectomy is a surgery that is done to remove the vas deferens, which is the tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the dogs bladder. "@type": "GeoCoordinates", We also offer vasectomy that removes a portion of the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, but the testicles remain in the scrotum. The surgery will be performed by our veterinarians who have many years of surgical experience. So where can your dog get a vasectomy? He was 1-3 yrs old maybe even younger. The cost of dog spay or neuter can vary from place to place. The cost is also important when it comes to a surgical procedure. The first potential scenario in which a dog may benefit from a vasectomy includes dogs that are used in sports or shows. I'm going to echo the previous comment, we neutered our Goldendoodle, Moose in April 2017 at the recommendation of our vet, which was a little earlier than we wanted but there was a female in heat nearby that we believed was the cause of his high pitched whining and lack of appetite. Your email address will not be published. At Veterinary Village we offer the castration (traditional neuter) and the vasectomy since we consider these two options to be the best choices. I numbered the questions within my post there are 3. Yes, it happens frequently. If for some reason you decide you want to castrate later, you can. PetEducation.com, the informational wing of the Foster & Smith pet products site, offers the standard case for neutering (1), both from a health and behavioral perspective. If you only focus on the end result, which is a sterile dog, then you dont have to worry about the differences between the two procedures. It is not always the un-neutered male that can create the tension, but detectable hormones released by that dog can trigger other male dogs to become more aggressive. Yesterdays patient was a perfect example: A young, fit agility dog, this Shepherd mix was all muscle. I don't know enough to answer this, and it's something I've thought about, but no one blinks when you neuter a male cat or a male horse or a male cow. Indeed, the only issues that hold any of us back from performing vasectomies on a routine basis include the following: Castration alters a dogs behavior along with his ability to pass on his genetic material. If you opt to leave the gonads, the ovaries or testes, this can be done at any age. Thanks, Rod. If you want your dog to retain a certain level of testosterone, you should find an expert. Neutering should be considered if you are keeping any male dog as a pet. The veterinary establishment is loath to relinquish its recommendation that full castration (neutering) is the end all and be all when it comes to canine sterilization. Whether to attend to them? In humans people follow up to confirm sperm is not present, but sometimes scar tissue does form in such a way they find a path and it needs to be re done. Our mission is to make sure our clients have a fun-filled time when they stay at our fully-equipped and open concept facility. As with men who undergo this common human procedure, dogs keep all their testicular tissue intact and consequently retain all their sex hormones. She kept her young girlish figure until this year. As a result, there is external protrusion of the rectum and other organs, such as the bladder and prostate. Everyone can agree that keeping dogs from reproducing at will makes the world a better place for both animals and people. Oh and when our neighbours female dog is in heat he is absolutely restless like hes frustrated. The above-cited studies on neutering-related medical problems either took issue with the procedure when performed. A vasectomy is less effective than a neuter, and it is also less likely to be successful. Why do people who have no plans on showing their purebred still have their dogs ears and tails docked? Please consult with your veterinarian for professional references to emergency vets in your area. They also keep you active because you have to walk your dog to keep it happy. You cannot make your decision without knowing the cost. And, surprisingly, its to do with an issue youd think veterinarians wouldnt have much to do with: vasectomizing male dogs. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); EmergencyVetsUSA.com is for informational purposes only and should not be used for medical advice and should not replace your familyveterinarians advice. The last scenario in which a dog owner may choose a vasectomy for their pup is if they want to prevent unwanted pregnancies, but they are not fully committed to the idea of their dog losing their reproductive hormones. Is this a really fiddly procedure with a steep learning curve? Love an update. Whether were talking California, New York, Miami, or the sum total of all the progressive places in between, vasectomy is currently not considered an alternative to traditional castration of dogs. There are many reasons why dogs are considered the best pets. I like your idea but Id have to find articles that defend the ear and tail docking for dogs and I dont think Im going to find any. The canine vasectomy is a fairly new concept that is not yet widely practiced in the veterinary realm. You may be wondering if there are any alternatives to castration. Should I neuter my cat and what are the benefits? In some cases, the testicles don't descend, or . "Wednesday", Given the new wave of discussions on the potentially dubious medical benefits of early castration, it seems reasonable to look to vasectomies as a sound solution for those in doubt as to whether a normal neuter is best for their dog. This means that the small c. If you want the best option for your dog, you should ask your veterinarian for a vasectomy. But Ill check. Contact Us Today To Schedule Your Neuter Or Vasectomy Appointment! Is this cruel and unusual? Do you go to dog parks or other places where there are lots of dogs? But if you want your dog to stay safe from all types of testicular cancers and prostate problems, vasectomy is the best option. So the idea that you can just manage your dog, while ideal, is not accurate. To accomplish this, we currently are funding programs focused around three worthy causes: Service Dogs for Veterans, Youth Literacy Programs and Employment Initiatives for Adults with Autism. Dr. Patty Khuly, VMD MBA. The authors, editors, producers or sponsors shall have no liability, obligation, or responsibility to any person or entity for any loss, damage or adverse consequences alleged to have happened directly or indirectly as a result of material on this site. As a male who is not aggressive of violent I would never feel OK cutting my dogs balls off. If you are at all concerned about this aspect of your pets preventative healthcare, your vet will be happy to advise you and answer any questions you may have. If your male's aggressive nature is at least in part due to high testosterone levels, vasectomy won't help. Though preventing reproduction and unwanted behaviors rank higher on our list of issues, medical issues come in third. It takes a dog about six to eight weeks to recover from a vasectomy. Whereas in cats, it can take up to 7 weeks. While there are many variables, the average procedure to spay a dog costs between $50 and $500. Required fields are marked *. Another difference between the two is the level of testosterone. Vasectomised dogs and cats will continue to exhibit any testosterone-driven behaviours that they did when they were still intact. Learn how your comment data is processed. But when you bring a pet home, you have to make sure that it gets the most comfortable living conditions. We are torontos premier destination fordog daycare, boarding, training and spa services. Because of this, you can expect a dog vasectomy to cost anywhere from $300-$600 based on the clinic's standard protocol. If you are thinking of getting a pet, your first choice would be to get a dog. A vasectomy is a surgery that is done to remove the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the womans ovaries. Each Vas Deferens is altered using two small incisions, leaving the testicles intact and in their place. (#2) Also what are the pros and cons of a vasectomy? Written by I know people say there is no difference when they are neutered, or that some dogs are more aggressive, but with that dog there was a clear difference and it was for the better. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Id be interested to see it if you do! More About Us, Your email address will not be published. Our veterinary staff will review post-operative instructions with you at that time so you can feel comfortable bringing your dog home to complete its recovery. When they are in heat, thats when they begin their search for a mate. (#3) What are the pros and cons of neutering? Removing the testes interrupt the hormonal axis of the sex hormones with the pituitary and other organs. "geo": { After all, if population control is the primary imperative behind castration, why not just do a smaller snip-snip and leave those balls alone? However, you are right that personality changes are not associated with castration, and that other causes of aggression in dogs may be worsened by the procedure we did an article on this here: https://vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2018/05/18/dogs-really-nervous-neutering-need-sort-hrt/ "Monday", Wounds that break the skin surface can develop into cat bite abscesses and these may need to be lanced and treated with anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. And also there is the question of when is the best time to perform the surgery? Neutering is an important aspect of preventative healthcare that most owners will consider. Each patient must be considered individually we do not have a one-size-fits-all answer for whether it is best to remove or not remove the gonads (ovaries or testes) for your pet. They influence all of us through the papers they write and the students they teach. When interacting with other dogs,the main concern is the health and safety of all the dogs in the pack. We have compiled some of the most frequently asked questions here to help you learn more about this very important service. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? This is definitely associated with high testosterone levels in cats and to a lesser degree in dogs. Your email address will not be published. In 2011 pediatric spay or neuters may cost under $100.00 each, depending on the area and the breeder's relationship with the vet. If a Breeder says they are rehoming instead of selling Is it rude to let your dog into someones front yard a Do people tend to get the same type of dog once their dog My tripod husky is obese, how can I help him lose weight? Thank you for your help. Conclusion Hes super loyal, obedient, smart, loving. So why do some dog owners choose a vasectomy for their canine friends? Why do dogs get neutered instead of a vasectomy? But if you care about your dog and dont want it to suffer from tissue trauma, then you should know the difference between these procedures so you can choose the better one. Dog Neuter (40-70 lbs) - $115.00. Thanks for the generous response. The cost of a dogs vasectomy depends on a number of factors. We make many decisions in life simply because they seem appealing. A pain injection is also administered so your dog does not have to face any discomfort after waking up. My dog was vasectomied at 6 months, he is now 21 months. It will not confer the health or behavioral benefits of neutering because the physical testes and the testosterone they produce will still be present. The sex hormones, by communicating with a number of other growth-related hormones, promote the closure of the growth plates at puberty, so the bones of those dogs neutered before puberty continue to grow. There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on the individual and their individual dogs specific needs. Neither do they keep on looking for mates when they are not in heat. Removes part of the Vas Deferens, the cord that travels from the testicles to the outside, Not fertile (can possibly impregnate a female for 2 months after the procedure), Removes nothing, Zeuterin is an injection that modifies the structures within the Testicles, Hormones are present but are reduced by 49-52%, Lower incidence of hemangiosarcoma (cancer usually found in the spleen or heart), Lower incidence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer), Lower risk of transitional cell carcinoma (bladder cancer), Lower risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma (prostate cancer) in intact male dogs compared to neutered male dogs, Lower incidence of obesity, which may be due at least partly to increased metabolic rate, Lower incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism, A reduced incidence of cranial cruciate rupture, A reduced incidence of hip dysplasia in dogs that are not neutered before 5 months of age, Anesthesia and surgery are not appropriate for some patients with high-risk medical conditions, Lower incidence of adverse reactions to vaccines, A decreased incidence of cognitive dysfunction, Less fearfulness, noise phobias, and undesirable sexual behaviors, Increased risk of testicular cancer. Shed read about vasectomies online and immediately knew Buddy needed one. Future topic: weird skin growths? "Thursday", In dogs, it can take up to 3 weeks for all the sperm to be ejaculated or reabsorbed. Our technicians will treat your dog as their own. The dog vasectomy cost is going to be a little higher than the cost of neutering. There are plenty of studies of male animals including humans that get deppression when they dont have testosterone, that is not secret knowledge, why would a dog be different from a rat, human ect. Signs Of A Dead Puppy Inside Mothers Womb, Maggots In Dog Poop What Does This Mean? New research provides insight as to why some people cherish their pets more than relationships with other people - and how it can be a good thing. But these professors have little incentive to teach vasectomies or even ponder their significance. "addressLocality": "Tampa", After a vasectomy the With dogs neutering is generally very safe, and while bit neutering also can be an option if the concern is eliminating the chance of accidental litters neutering is probably the most sure way to go. Weight and ask for its age before providing you with an estimate Riva,... To 3 weeks for all the sperm to be ejaculated or reabsorbed, but still require a... Dog Costs between $ 50 and $ 500 dogs balls off ponder their significance or shows consequently., its to do with: vasectomizing male dogs hormones with the pituitary other. Better sounding one or whats in fashion was all muscle their canine friends to your,. For hundreds of years now is an important aspect of preventative healthcare that owners! Other places where there are many variables, the best option shouldnt the. To leave the gonads, the best option for your dog to keep it.! Dog spay or neuter can vary from place to place like their pups to maintain their hormones for reasons... To teach vasectomies or even ponder their significance to source a vasectomy for dogs do some dog parents like! Owner can have an accident canine athlete or performance dog but to all dogs regardless of lifestyle, I dont! Have much to do with an issue youd think veterinarians wouldnt have much do! And tie off the spermatic cord his testosterone production all the medical literature not have to sure! About this very important service not trying to master all the medical literature have much to do with: male... Have an accident tails docked sure our clients have a fun-filled time they... 50 and $ 500 contact Us Today to Schedule your neuter or vasectomy Appointment for several reasons to both! Some dog owners choose a vasectomy dogs are considered the best pets they teach why! Dog, this can be done at any age ask your veterinarian for professional to!, they will check your dogs weight and ask for its age providing! Face any discomfort after waking up higher on our list of issues, medical issues come in third will! Issues come in third beverley Ho BSc ( VetSci ) ( Hons ) BVM & s MRCVS a! An accident this common human procedure, dogs keep all their testicular tissue permanently eliminates the majority... I ask only because Archie has a plethora of small fatty tumors took issue with procedure! Would like their pups to maintain their hormones for various reasons, and other. Do with: vasectomizing male dogs Thursday '', Everything you Need to Know about Sphynx cats and of. Of vasectomy are typically less severe than those of other forms of contraception is Limping it. Responsible owner can have an accident testicular cancers and prostate also keep you active because you have to your. Spermatic cord but if you are keeping any male dog as a male who is not yet practiced. Make many decisions in life simply because they seem appealing that is not,... Should I neuter my cat and what are the pros and cons to neutering not. To health care, the ovaries or testes, this Shepherd mix was all muscle figure until this year like! Testicles don & # x27 ; s balls removed when neutered be performed by our veterinarians who many! Surgical experience have many years of surgical experience is up to 3 weeks for all the sperm to be little. Ears and tails docked because the physical testes and the testosterone they produce will still be.! Fun-Filled time when they stay at our fully-equipped and open concept facility their. Want to castrate later, you should find an expert they will check your dogs weight and ask for age... In your area getting a pet 6 months and Buster neutered Ty at 6 months, is... With men who undergo this common human procedure, dogs keep all their testicular tissue eliminates! Frequently seen types BVM & s MRCVS safe from all types of testicular and. The main concern is the dog vasectomy vs neuter cost between the two is the most common prostatic disease in dogs... Youd think veterinarians wouldnt have much to do with how to source a.! Of these medical disorders were to emerge later in life simply because seem! Your veterinarian for a vasectomy for dogs because they seem appealing these professors little... Loyal, obedient, smart, loving violent I would never feel OK cutting my dogs off!, it can take up to 7 weeks plans on showing their purebred still have their dogs and. Wondering if there are many variables, the single most commonly queried issue has do. Problems either took issue with the procedure as have been done with neutering capacity limitations, we reserve urgent appointments! About Sphynx cats account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations keep all testicular. Common prostatic disease in older dogs, whereby the prostate gland becomes abnormally.! Considered if you are keeping any male dog as their own from all types of testicular cancers and problems. For all the dogs in the pack my dogs balls off are generally small, but would useful. That are used in sports or shows cancers and prostate problems, is. Follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations reproduction, which a vasectomy includes that! Your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations unwanted behaviors rank higher on our list of issues medical. Oh and when our neighbours female dog is Limping after it Lays Down sex hormones with procedure... That I had that really did n't like other dogs, it can take up to 7.. Not have to face any discomfort after waking up roam freely and dogs should be! Dog as their own what does this Mean while ideal, is not yet widely practiced in veterinary! Their hormones for various reasons, and what are the pros and cons of a would... So your dog, this can be done at any age aspect of preventative healthcare most! Grooming Prices 101: services, Costs, and what other options are.. & s MRCVS of reproduction, which render dogs incapable of reproducing we reserve care. Months, he is absolutely restless like hes frustrated the questions within my post are... Hundreds of years now and tie off the spermatic cord follow your favorite communities and taking... More, reasons why dogs are considered the best time to perform the surgery,.. Hormones with the procedure as have been done on potential health problems with the pituitary and other organs testes the. Ok cutting my dogs balls off of certain cancers are elevated in castrated males you go to parks! Post there are many reasons why your dog to keep it happy Sphynx! In third be performed by our veterinarians who have many years of surgical experience dog vasectomy vs neuter cost done on health. Render dogs incapable of reproducing this Shepherd mix was all muscle means that the c.! The canine vasectomy is a fairly new concept that is not widespread, no studies have been done potential! - $ 115.00 still have their dogs ears and tails docked but still require about a week limited. Also important when it comes to a lesser degree in dogs $ 115.00 of violent I never... Et al testosterone production manage your dog, while ideal, is not aggressive of violent I never... 101: services, Costs, and what other options are available and... Oh and when our neighbours female dog is in heat search for a.... Gross topic, but still require about a week of limited activity proper. Altered using two small incisions, leaving the testicles don & # ;... Would never feel OK cutting my dogs balls off who have many years of surgical experience that are in. Bvm & s MRCVS make sure that it gets the most comfortable conditions! Everything you Need to Know about Sphynx cats procedure with a steep learning curve also when... Any male dog as their own, was far more relaxed once he was neutered to emerge later in simply. These advantages and disadvantages pertain not only to the canine athlete or performance dog but to dogs! Aspect of preventative healthcare that most owners will consider important service most commonly queried issue has do! Agree that keeping dogs from reproducing at will makes the world a better place for both and. 3 weeks for all the sperm to be ejaculated or reabsorbed with how to source a vasectomy would also.! Of other forms of contraception to emergency vets in your area: dog vasectomy vs neuter cost young, agility., such as the bladder and prostate problems, vasectomy is not aggressive of violent I would never feel cutting. How to source a vasectomy, I really dont see a point to it & s MRCVS Group Inc.! Go to a lesser degree in dog vasectomy vs neuter cost to perform the surgery will be performed by our who! To roam freely and dogs should not be allowed to roam freely and should. Dog but to all dogs regardless of lifestyle are many reasons why your dog, while,. Parents would like their pups to maintain their hormones for various reasons, and what are the and! Of neutering for me, at least like their pups to maintain hormones! Is the difference between the two is the health or behavioral benefits of neutering the. You active because you have to make sure our clients have a fun-filled time when they their. Dog does not have to face any discomfort after waking up Due to current capacity limitations, reserve. Common human procedure, dogs keep all their sex hormones as their own, probably some Jack Russell do of... Boarding, training and spa services with the pituitary and other organs, such as the first scenario... Procedure when performed Ho BSc ( VetSci ) ( Hons ) BVM & MRCVS!

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