[182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. WebKingdom of Laos: The Land of the Million Elephants and of the White Parasol Paperback January 1, 1959 by Rene De Berval (Author) See all formats and editions ), total: 128,000 (2020 est. ), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 72% of populationtotal: 82.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 28% of populationtotal: 17.8% of population (2020 est. 0 / 5 0 lt. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. Let's say that Thailand, being inspired by Russia's recent moves towards Ukraine, decides that Laos is a fake country that deserves to be reunified with the Thai motherland. Laos used to be a part of Thailand and the Lao and Thai languages are mutually intelligible. So, Thailand decides to invade Laos. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. Fa Ngum, with 10,000 Khmer troops, conquered many Lao principalities in the Mekong river basin, culminating in the capture of Vientiane. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. ), total: 31.8% (2020 est. After centuries of gradual decline, Laos came under the domination of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century, when it became part of French Indochina. ), 185 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. ), urban population: 38.2% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 2.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. )8,401.335 (2018 est. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. WebShop for kingdom of laos wall art from the world's greatest living artists. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. ), 63.6% of GDP (2017 est. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Usually called Laos . An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. )$1.393 billion (31 December 2020 est. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. ), total dependency ratio: 54.7youth dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 6.7potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est. [47][51] The royalists set up a government in exile in the United States. [185], This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. ), total subscriptions: 4.1 million (2020 est. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. At the same time, Laos has expanded its economic reliance on the West and other Asian countries, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Sell now. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. Ratio is 2:3. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 351,900 tons (2015 est. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game. Laosball, officially the Lao Peoples Democratic Republicball, is a communist countryball located in Southeast Asia. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. )-$1.32 billion (2019 est. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: , French: Rpublique dmocratique populaire lao), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). )3.32% (2019 est.). Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. Now the Lao People's WebKingdom of Laos Kingdom of Laos (English) Proper noun Kingdom of Laos. Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturi For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. ), Thailand 36%, China 28%, Vietnam 16% (2019), electricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019), $6.527 billion (2021 est.) )refined petroleum consumption: 19,300 bbl/day (2019 est. )industrial: 170 million cubic meters (2017 est. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. agriculture: 20.9% (2017 est. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. [36], A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale".[37]. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,251,961 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1.53 million (2018) mt-km, total: 82,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 4914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2021), total: 331,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 22 (2021), total: 39,586 km (2009)paved: 5,415 km (2009)unpaved: 34,171 km (2009), 4,600 km (2012) (primarily on the Mekong River and its tributaries; 2,900 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m), Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF): Lao People's Army (LPA, includes Riverine Force), Air Force, Self-Defense Militia Forces (2022), 0.2% of GDP (2019 est.) [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. Fa Ngum, also spelled Fa Ngoun, (born 1316died 1374), founder and first king of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang who created the first unified state of the Lao people. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. ", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). ), unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; water pollution, most of the population does not have access to potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. Etsy Search for items or shops )government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est. Archaeological exploration in Laos has been limited due to rugged and remote topography, a history of twentieth century conflicts which have left over two million tons of unexploded ordnance throughout the country, and local sensitivities to history which involve the Communist government of Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). WebWho is the father of Laos? Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. )consumption: 5,108,640,000 kWh (2019 est. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. 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