Shackleton and his small crew then made the first crossing of the island to seek aid. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads: "Frank Wild 18731939, Shackleton's right-hand man. In 2002, Shackleton was voted eleventh in a BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. 2d. The Endurance Expedition was a British mission to cross the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17. After sea . Over a century after it sank to the depths of the Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica, the lost ship of Anglo Irish explorer Ernest Shackleton has been found. Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' Earnest Shackleton first went to. [76], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. Shackleton is best known for his extraordinary achievement in leading the men of his Endurance expedition safely out of the Antarctic after their ship had been crushed in the ice. Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic in 1901. Shackleton's mind turned to a project that had been announced, and then abandoned, by the British explorer William Speirs Bruce, for a continental crossing, from a landing in the Weddell Sea, via the South Pole to McMurdo Sound. Study now. This answer is: . [76], Shackleton used his considerable fund-raising skills, and the expedition was financed largely by private donations, although the British government gave 10,000 (about 900,000 in 2019 terms). Deep in the Weddell Sea, conditions gradually grew worse until, on 19 January 1915, Endurance became frozen fast in an ice floe. Despite his efforts, it required government action, in the form of a grant of 20,000 (2008: 1.5million) to clear the most pressing obligations. [11] The aim was the conquest of both the geographical South Pole and the South Magnetic Pole. [a][30] The journey was marred by the poor performance of the dogs, whose food had become tainted, and who rapidly fell sick. LONDON, Feb. 5, 2010 -- Whisky bottles belonging to the . He then sought to cash in on his celebrity by making a fortune in the business world. Now it has been found.It was nearly 10,000 feet under the Weddell Sea. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. Shackleton began planning his next journey to Antarctica almost as soon as he returned from the Nimrod expedition of 1907 - 1909. [51] Nimrod arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was stopped by ice 16 miles (26km) north of Discovery's old base at Hut Point. [101] The strongest of the tiny 20-foot (6.1m) lifeboats, christened James Caird after the expedition's chief sponsor, was chosen for the trip. Nevertheless, in February 1907, Shackleton presented to the Royal Geographical Society his plans for an Antarctic expedition, the details of which, under the name British Antarctic Expedition, were published in the Royal Geographical Society's newsletter, Geographical Journal. His . Stark images of Shackleton's struggle. He took out because he wanted to prove that he can ship in the sea, and he wanted to get famous. Longstaff, impressed by Shackleton's keenness, recommended him to Sir Clements Markham, the expedition's overlord, making it clear that he wanted Shackleton accepted. Scott wrote: "He ought not to risk further hardship in his present state of health. According to Macklin's own account, Macklin told him he had been overdoing things and should try to "lead a more regular life", to which Shackleton answered: "You are always wanting me to give up things, what is it I ought to give up?" March 24, 2002. [59], In 1910, Shackleton made a series of three recordings describing the expedition using an Edison phonograph. [42] He also ventured into politics, unsuccessfully standing in the 1906 General Election as the Liberal Unionist Party's candidate for Dundee constituency in opposition to Irish Home Rule. The Shackleton family are of English origin, specifically from Yorkshire. There remained the men of the Ross Sea Party, who were stranded at Cape Evans in McMurdo Sound, after Aurora had been blown from its anchorage and driven out to sea, unable to return. Shackleton reluctantly agreed to look for winter quarters at either the Barrier Inletwhich Discovery had briefly visited in 1902or King Edward VII Land. His exertions in raising funds to finance his expeditions and the immense strain of the expeditions themselves were believed to have worn out his strength. [24] During the Antarctic winter of 1902, in the confines of the iced-in Discovery, Shackleton edited the expedition's magazine the South Polar Times. The three men all suffered at times from snow blindness, frostbite and, ultimately, scurvy. [91] On 21 November 1915, the wreck finally slipped beneath the surface. While failing to achieve the first overland crossing of Antarctica, Shackleton succeeded in bringing all 27 members of his expedition party safely home, after 634 days of unbelievable hardship. What did Lord Davis do in the Antarctic? 77510). An extended search for an anchorage at King Edward VII Land proved equally fruitless, so Shackleton was forced to break his undertaking to Scott and set sail for McMurdo Sound, a decision which, according to second officer Arthur Harbord, was "dictated by common sense" in view of the difficulties of ice pressure, coal shortage and the lack of any nearer known base. [126] When the party arrived in Rio de Janeiro, Shackleton suffered a suspected heart attack. What did John King Davis do? 2 min read. During the Nimrod expedition of 19071909, he and three companions established a new record Farthest South latitude at 88S, only 97geographical miles (112statute miles or 180kilometres) from the South Pole, the largest advance to the pole in exploration history. Ernest Shackleton never did reach the South Pole or cross Antarctica. "[8] In his final term at the school he was still able to achieve fifth place in his class of thirty-one. Sir Ernest Shackleton's towering ambition and eagerness to explore the unknown led him to undertake the boldest adventure of his life, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. - Ernest Shackleton So was born what became the Imperial Trans-Antarctica expedition of 1914 - 1917. After a medical examination (which proved inconclusive),[34] Scott decided to send Shackleton home on the relief ship Morning, which had arrived in McMurdo Sound in January 1903. Shackleton made his own discoveries about Antarctica, but he was not the first to explore the continent. The great polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton never achieved his goal of traversing the continent of Antarctica, but is remembered these days for something more extraordinary. This ignited his passion for Antarctic . [164], In January 2016, Shackleton featured on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail on the centenary of the Endurance expedition. [20] Shackleton accepted this, even though his own background and instincts favoured a different, more informal style of leadership. Literature, too, consisted in the dissection, the parsing, the analysing of certain passages from our great poets and prose-writers teachers should be very careful not to spoil [their pupils'] taste for poetry for all time by making it a task and an imposition. (equivalent to 32,306 in 2021[135]) which he bequeathed to his wife. [143] This negative picture of Scott became accepted as the popular truth[144] as the kind of heroism that Scott represented fell victim to the cultural shifts of the late twentieth century. [149] In 2001, the Athy Heritage Centre-Museum (now the Shackleton Museum), Athy, County Kildare, Ireland, established the Ernest Shackleton Autumn School, which is held annually, to honour the memory of Ernest Shackleton. The return of the sun after 92 days. Shackleton and his party set fire to the camp to signal the ship, which received the signal and returned to the camp a few days later, successfully retrieving them. Disaster struck this expedition when its ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed before the shore parties could be landed. (, The distance from the Pole is commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, this being the distance in nautical miles. [11], Shackleton's restlessness at school was such that he was allowed to leave at 16 and go to sea. [150], Shackleton's death marked the end of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, a period of discovery characterised by journeys of geographical and scientific exploration in a largely unknown continent without any of the benefits of modern travel methods or radio communication. [62], Besides the official honours, Shackleton's Antarctic feats were greeted in Britain with great enthusiasm. He and his crew drifted on sheets of ice for months until they reached Elephant Island. Sir Ernest Shackleton, the intrepid explorer, is best remembered for embarking on a fateful voyage aboard the Endurance in a bid to cross the Antarctic. Ernest Shackleton, in full Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, (born February 15, 1874, Kilkea, County Kildare, Irelanddied January 5, 1922, Grytviken, South Georgia), Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who attempted to reach the South Pole. He appealed to the Chilean government, which offered the use of the Yelcho, a small seagoing tug from its navy. November 1st 1915 - After an attempt to march with boats and sleds, "Ocean Camp" is established a mile and a half from the Endurance. In a Christie's auction in London in 2011, a biscuit that Shackleton gave "a starving fellow traveller" on the 19071909 Nimrod expedition sold for 1250. [37], In search of more permanent employment, Shackleton applied for a regular commission in the Royal Navy, via the back-door route of the Supplementary List,[39] but despite the sponsorship of Markham and William Huggins, the president of the Royal Society, he was not successful. Sir Ernest Shackleton was an explorer who in 1901 joined an expedition to the Antarctic. [128] He refused a proper medical examination, so Quest continued south, and on 4 January 1922, arrived at South Georgia. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (191416) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. He proved, though,. For that reason, he was. Another noted British explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton, never reached the South Pole. But he is best known for his heroic leadership after his ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice at the start of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-17. Shackleton's will was proven in London on 12 May 1922. In January 2013, a joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean. On the contrary, his heart belonged to this great continent, and in 1921 he decided to go back with the Shackleton-Rowett Expedition. In January 1908 he returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition (190709). [21] Shackleton's particular duties were listed as: "In charge of seawater analysis. On 4 February 1903, the party finally reached the ship. Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson, took them to a latitude of 8217S, about 530 miles (850 km) from the pole. [31] All 22 dogs died during the march. For other uses, see, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 19141917, Modern calculations, based on Shackleton's photograph and Wilson's drawing, place the furthest point reached at 8211'. Shackleton's first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Robert Falcon Scott's Discovery expedition of 19011904, from which he was sent home early on health grounds, after he and his companions Scott and Edward Adrian Wilson set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82S. [152] In 2002, Channel 4 in the UK produced Shackleton, a TV serial depicting the 1914 expedition with Kenneth Branagh in the title role. The sledging party returned to the base camp in late February 1909, but they discovered that the Nimrod had set sail some two days earlier. Although the expedition failed, it would be remembered by generations as the greatest feat of survival in the history of exploration. Although he'd been sent home from the trip due to ill health, Shackleton vowed to return to the Antarctic and prove himself as a polar explorer. Shackleton's mother, Henrietta Letitia Sophia Gavan, was descended from the Fitzmaurice family. Before departing, Scott had been told that the expedition was not to stay a second winter, and Discovery . He thought seriously of going to the Beaufort Sea area of the Arctic, a largely unexplored region, and raised some interest in this idea from the Canadian government. None survived the brutal journey home. [98] Shackleton's concern for his men was such that he gave his mittens to photographer Frank Hurley, who had lost his during the boat journey. [107], The next successful crossing of South Georgia was in October 1955, by the British explorer Duncan Carse, who travelled much of the same route as Shackleton's party. Photograph by Corbis I. But it's also a terrific story . They did whatever they could. In 1921, he returned to the Antarctic with the ShackletonRowett Expedition, but died of a heart attack while his ship was moored in South Georgia. They wrote: "Shackleton resonates with executives in today's business world. Mackintosh, sailed in the Aurora and laid depots as far as latitude 8330 S for the use of the Trans-Antarctic party; three of this party died on the return journey. The "Great Southern Journey",[54] as Frank Wild called it, began on 29 October 1908. [70] He had been in discussions with Douglas Mawson about a scientific expedition to the Antarctic coast between Cape Adare and Gaussberg, and had written to the RGS about this in February 1910. [15], The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. Shackleton immediately sent a boat to pick up the three men from the other side of South Georgia while he set to work to organise the rescue of the Elephant Island men. "; and men, provisions and equipment were transferred to camps on the ice. While Shackleton led the expedition, Captain F. Worsley commanded the Endurance and Lieutenant J. Stenhouse the Aurora. At one point, Shackleton gave his one biscuit allotted for the day to the ailing Frank Wild, who wrote in his diary: "All the money that was ever minted would not have bought that biscuit and the remembrance of that sacrifice will never leave me". McIlroy was head of the scientific staff, which included Wordie. [116], Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918. Mrs Chippy was shot when the Endurance sank, due to the belief that he would not have survived the ordeal that followed. [13], In 1898, Shackleton joined Union-Castle Line, the regular mail and passenger carrier between Southampton and Cape Town. [136] Lady Shackleton survived her husband by 14 years, dying in 1936. Because of a generous gift from the Australian Commonwealth and the New Zealand Government, he was able to engage three additional expedition members: Bertram Armytage, T.W. One does not believe that we have lost all sense of admiration for courage [and] endurance". [158] [99], On 9 March 2022, it was announced that the Endurance had been located 4 miles (6.4km) from the location where it was lost, 10,000 feet (3,000m) below the surface. On January 4, 1922, Ernest Shackleton's ship, the Quest, finally reached South Georgia, an ice-capped island in the South Atlantic Ocean. April 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage. [8] The young Shackleton did not particularly distinguish himself as a scholar, and was said to be "bored" by his studies. [52] After considerable weather delays, Shackleton's base was eventually established at Cape Royds, about 24 miles (39km) north of Hut Point. The expedition's other main accomplishments included the first ascent of Mount Erebus, and the discovery of the approximate location of the South Magnetic Pole, reached on 16 January 1909, by Edgeworth David, Douglas Mawson and Alistair Mackay. Ernest Shackleton, however, would not have been surprised: he edited his 1914-17 journal into the book, South!, which was published three years after he had returned from Antarctica. "[137], Before the return of Shackleton's body to South Georgia, there was a memorial service held for him with full military honours at Holy Trinity Church, Montevideo, and on 2 March a service was held at St Paul's Cathedral, London, at which the King and other members of the royal family were represented. In 1901, Shackleton was chosen to go on the Antarctic expedition led by British naval officer Robert Falcon Scott on the ship 'Discovery'. he got his men safley back to australia. The printed word saw much more attention given to Scotta forty-page booklet on Shackleton, published in 1943 by OUP as part of a "Great Exploits" series, is described by cultural historian Stephanie Barczewski as "a lone example of a popular literary treatment of Shackleton in a sea of similar treatments of Scott". [149] Shackleton has also been cited as a model leader by the US Navy, and in a textbook on Congressional leadership, Peter L Steinke calls Shackleton the archetype of the "nonanxious leader" whose "calm, reflective demeanor becomes the antibiotic warning of the toxicity of reactive behaviour". Instead, he is a hero, the leader who saved his men on one of the most horrific voyages of exploration of the 20th century. [118], For his "valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in North Russia" Shackleton was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 King's Birthday Honours,[119] and was also mentioned in despatches by General Ironside. A UK-led expedition to the Weddell Sea sent a sub to the . [16][17] Although officially on leave from Union-Castle, this was in fact the end of Shackleton's Merchant Navy service. [93] After failed attempts to march across the ice to this island, Shackleton decided to set up another more permanent camp (Patience Camp) on another floe, and trust to the drift of the ice to take them towards a safe landing. Under treacherous conditions, Shackleton's perilous journey and the subsequent rescue of all his men remains one of the most heroic stories of all time. [169], "Shackleton" redirects here. [92], For almost two months, Shackleton and his party camped on a large, flat floe, hoping that it would drift towards Paulet Island, approximately 250 miles (402km) away, where it was known that stores were cached. [118] In the midst of seeking capital, his plans foundered when Northern Russia fell to Bolshevik control. What is Ernest Shackleton best known for? The harrowing tale of British explorer Ernest Shackleton's 1914 attempt to reach the South Pole, one of the greatest adventure stories of the modern age. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? On 9 January 1909, Shackleton and three companionsWild, Eric Marshall and Jameson Adamsreached a new Farthest South latitude of 8823'S, a point only 112 miles (180km) from the Pole. [140] A statue of Shackleton designed by Charles Sargeant Jagger was unveiled at the Royal Geographical Society's Kensington headquarters in 1932,[141] but public memorials to Shackleton were relatively few. [27] Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole. Ernest Henry Shackleton British Antarctic Expedition (1907-09) When Ernest Shackleton arrived back in England on 12 June 1903, he found that Scott's 1901-04 expedition, from which had been virtually sacked, was a controversial subject. Scott led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901-04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910-13. . Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica who attempted to reach the South Pole. There is a legend that Shackleton posted an advertisement which emphasised the hardship and danger of the voyage, so that he could better narrow down and select candidates for his expedition, but no record of any such advertisement has survived and its existence is considered doubtful. Dying heavily in debt, Shackleton's small estate consisted of personal effects to the value of 556 2s. [142], In 1959, Alfred Lansing's Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage was published. At his wife's request, he was buried there. But on January 5, 1922, he died of a heart attack off South Georgia and was buried on the island. Edgeworth David, and Douglas Mawson. Shackleton was then briefly involved in a mission to Spitzbergen to establish a British presence there under guise of a mining operation. [d] En route the South Pole party discovered the Beardmore Glaciernamed after Shackleton's patron[55]and became the first persons to see and travel on the South Polar Plateau. His early life was interesting too he picked something else for work, than what his father wanted. When did Ernest Shackleton reach Antarctica? Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered",[4] and became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances.[5]. What did Ernest Shackleton accomplish on his expedition to Antarctica? [151], In 1993 Trevor Potts re-enacted the Boat Journey from Elephant Island to South Georgia in honour of Sir Ernest Shackleton, totally unsupported, in a replica of the James Caird. Did Shackleton eat his dogs? At the age of thirteen, he entered Dulwich College. In 1914, Shackleton set out from England to cross Antarctica on foot. He felt certain that others would soon succeed in reaching the South Pole where he had failed having come so close, and so looked to the next goal. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott, a Royal Navy torpedo lieutenant lately promoted commander,[18] and had objectives that included scientific and geographical discovery. Ernest Henry Shackleton was born at Kilkea House, County Kildare, on February 15, 1874. At the same time, attitudes towards Scott were gradually changing as a more critical note was sounded in the literature, culminating in Roland Huntford's 1979 treatment of him in his dual biography Scott and Amundsen, described by Barczewski as a "devastating attack". This book, as well as being a tribute to the explorer, was a practical effort to assist his family; Shackleton died some 40,000 in debt (equivalent to 2,323,748 in 2021[135])[138] A further initiative was the establishment of a Shackleton Memorial Fund, which was used to assist the education of his children and the support of his mother. During the Nimrod expedition of 1907-09, Shackleton experienced similarly incapacitating symptoms on the voyage to Antarcticaeven though fresh meat, an important source of thiamine, was a key . In the early hours of the next morning, Shackleton summoned the expedition's physician, Alexander Macklin,[129] to his cabin, complaining of back pains and other discomfort. Shackleton was a romantic adventurer, who became interested in exploration and joined the Royal Geographical Society while still at sea. What was Ernest Shackleton famous for? For these achievements, Shackleton was knighted by King Edward VII on his return home. They later learned that the same hurricane had sunk a 500-ton steamer bound for South Georgia from Buenos Aires. [47], On 4 August 1907, Shackleton was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order, 4th Class (MVO; the present-day grade of lieutenant). [159] This team became the first to replicate the so-called "double crossing", sailing from Elephant Island to South Georgia and crossing the South Georgian mountains from King Haakon Bay (where Shackleton had landed nearly 100 years prior) to Stromness. Sir Ernest Shackleton Following the news that Roald Amudsen had become the first man to reach the South Pole, there was one great expedition left in Antarctica, to cross the continent on foot. Shackleton took care of other business, rejoining Nimrod in Lyttleton, New Zealand. On 27 November 2011, the ashes of Frank Wild were interred on the right-hand side of Shackleton's gravesite in Grytviken. Ernest Shackleton took Spratt's on his Nimrod (1907-1909) and Endurance (1914-1917) expeditions, where they were part of a doggy diet that also included seal meat, blubber, biscuits and pemmican, a high-energy mix of fat and protein. [131] Within a year the first biography, The Life of Sir Ernest Shackleton, by Hugh Robert Mill, was published. "[34] There is no corroboration of Armitage's story. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 - 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family moved to Sydenham in suburban south London . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). (Ernest Shackleton) (Perce Blackborow) Suggested answers: Shackleton:"Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified." From the sentence we can infer that Shackleton was a responsible leader.Obviously he really needed people to work for him,but the expedition was very . Although some of his former crew members had not received all their pay from the Endurance expedition, many of them signed on with their former "Boss". Shackleton set off for his final expedition to Antarctica on 24 September 1921 but he died of a heart attack in 1922 - a few hours after arriving in South Georgia, at the age of 47. Shackleton's . [8] However, Shackleton took lifelong pride in his Irish roots, and frequently declared, "I am an Irishman". [27][28], The party set out on 2 November 1902. He started from England on the Endurance.In Antarctica, the ship got stuck in sea ice on January 24th.They tried their best to save the ship. Of later independent fame was the photographer Frank Hurley, known on this mission for his perilous shots. The fate of Scott's expedition was not then known. Broadcast in the US on the A&E Network, it won two Emmy Awards. The crew escaped by camping on the sea ice until it disintegrated, then by launching the lifeboats to reach Elephant Island and ultimately South Georgia Island, a stormy ocean voyage of 720 nautical miles (1,330km; 830mi) and Shackleton's most famous exploit. He joined Capt. An Anglo-Irish adventurer, he became a pivotal figure in the era later characterised as the "Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration", thanks to the laudable and ambitious . Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. (, Beardmore's help took the form of guaranteeing a loan at Clydesdale Bank, for 7,000 (2008 equivalent approx. Educated at Dulwich College (188790), Shackleton entered the mercantile marine service in 1890 and became a sublieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve in 1901. [104] The James Caird was launched on 24 April 1916; during the next fifteen days, it sailed through the waters of the southern ocean, at the mercy of the stormy seas, in constant peril of capsizing. Ernest Shackleton was a well-known Irish and British explorer during the first two decades of the twentieth century. A sledging party, led by Shackleton, reached within 97 nautical miles (112 statute miles or 180 km) of the South Pole, and another, under T.W. [15] On 17 February 1901, his appointment as third officer to the expedition's ship Discovery was confirmed; on 4 June he was commissioned into the Royal Navy, with the rank of sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve. Debt, Shackleton took care of other business, rejoining Nimrod in Lyttleton, Zealand. 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Georgia from Buenos Aires Scott had been told that the same hurricane had a... ( 190709 ) value of 556 2s by making a fortune in the us on the island x27 ; also! Beneath the surface during the march Shackleton '' redirects here 1908 he returned to Antarctica Edward VII Land: Discovery... About Antarctica, but he was not the first to explore the continent Ernest Henry was. Joined the Royal geographical Society while still at sea nautical miles by Hugh Robert Mill was. Shackleton joined Union-Castle Line, the party arrived in Rio de Janeiro, Shackleton 's small consisted... In today 's business world Wild 18731939, Shackleton published details of his new expedition, 1910-13. Feb.,! Foundered when Northern Russia fell to Bolshevik control However, Shackleton published details of new! 11 ] the aim was the conquest of both the geographical South Pole been told the. Endurance and Lieutenant J. 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