The following are a few predominant names: What was it that caused so many brilliant minds to come out of this area, especially around this time? Why was French science of the 18-th and 19-th century so impressive, especially in the early part of 19 . After the Second World War, most of these institutes joined the renowned Max Planck Society. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Germany now ranks above the United States for the percentage of papers it publishes among the top 10% most highly cited. Kyber and Dilithium explained to primary school students? 1. Germany's low case fatality rate is therefore partly caused by the fact it has tested more people and, as a result, has identified more mild instances of the disease. Germany is better at sustaining employment growth and productivity, while expanding citizens' real incomes. Answer (1 of 59): Advanced? Germany was not a nation, but a culture, German identity was rooted in language, and therefore the fruits of language; education poetry, drama, history, theology, philosophy and science. Some of the best Alpine scenery can be seen from the shores of Bavarian lakes like the Konigssee or Tegernsee. China is a relative newcomer to the race, but is clearly the new elite. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles For more information, please see our Can I (an EU citizen) live in the US if I marry a US citizen? But Haeckel was also a promoter of scientific racism[27] and embraced the idea of Social Darwinism. If all that exercise builds up a thirst for beer, better still. Germany was a world leader in science and technology before the turbulence of the twentieth century; it established traditions that many countries still follow. It's generally believed that, compared with previous human history, technology has advanced exponentially since the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago. They deliberately copied the German education institutions. Wilhelm Wundt is credited with the establishment of psychology as an independent empirical science through his construction of the first laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879.[28]. Notably the Fasori Evanglikus Gimnzium in Budapest was a spring of later Nobel Laureates like Eugene Wigner and John von Neumann and other distinguished scientists. The country's incredibly strong enabling environment, including a good local public and health care system and expert scientific institutions, has largely . By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Merkel and Schavan have championed laws that allow the federal government to fund university research directly and allow universities to offer high salaries to attract or keep the best scientists (as civil servants, German academics generally earn less than scientists in other countries or those in industry). ScienceNews web edition, Friday, October 1st, 2010: Paul Forman, "Weimar Culture, Causality, and Quantum Theory, 1918-1927: Adaptation by German Physicists and Mathematicians to a Hostile Intellectual Environment,", Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology, German National Library of Science and Technology, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Gesellschaft fr Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, illustrations of animals and sea creatures, Back to the Future: Germany - A Country of Research, Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century, http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/63944/title/Swedish_academy_awards, "Epilogue: Universities and War in the Twentieth Century", Top 20 Country Rankings in All Fields, 2006, "Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition", "Germany Breaks Korea's Six-Year Streak as Most Innovative Nation", "Johannes Kepler (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)", The Alfred B. Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-2003. Agreed by the federal government and the 16 state governments in 2009, this will put a strict upper limit on budget deficits and prevent them from making new debts, especially at the state level. Foreign researchers are increasingly choosing to make their careers in Germany. In the Thirties of the 20th century the electrical engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll developed at the "Technische Hochschule zu Berlin" the first electron microscope.[24]. Credit: Source: Spending, OECD; Publishing, Scival/Scopus; Patents, USPTO/EPO. And the state of Baden-Wrttemberg has poured hundreds of millions of euros into the Cyber Valley initiative. Mixing water, barley and hops . According to R&D Magazine, Germany spent about $112 billion on research and development in 2017, which represents about 5.4% of the global total. But there are too few opportunities available to researchers after these. Lesson demands --In Japan, 62 percent of math lessons included examples of deductive reasoning. Germany's engineering education system has a stellar reputation worldwide. Johannes Kepler discovered the laws according to which planets are moving around the sun, who were called Kepler's laws after him. All this has led to sluggish development on some fronts. After the war, because so many scientific researchers and teachers' careers had been ended either by Nazi Germany, the denazification process, the American Operation Paperclip and Soviet Operation Osoaviakhim, as well as simply losing the war, "Germany, German science, and German as the language of science had all lost their leading position in the scientific community. I beg to differ. This love of rules manifests itself in many ways. Scientists say that all the living organism have originated because of the sun. The second is to maintain dominance as a producer of premium cars. Merkel made a rare blunder in 2011, when she supported defence minister Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg after he was proved to have plagiarized his PhD thesis. Let's explore some of the reasons why students prefer to study in this amazing country. Also, think of it as a two-part: coding, and solving problems within the computer ecosystem. She won federal elections in 2009 and 2013 and looks set to maintain her position. Card trick: guessing the suit if you see the remaining three cards (important is that you can't move or turn the cards). In December 2019, Germany's Delivery Hero bought the company in a $4-billion deal that will see co-founder and chief executive, Kim Bong Jin, manage the Asian business, including South Korea,. A Drr AG employee tests a painting robot. Which German scientists had their Nobel Prizes seized during World War II? So now what? It was Germany that discovered the nuclear fission process in 1938 and then the nuclear development project started in 1939. Staying strong will require huge investment and more international cooperation. There's not much fairy tale-telling in German households these days, probably because we're all too busy reading train timetables and sorting the trash. Not the German export most people think of first. Germans themselves are known as friendly and welcoming people, even if everyone thinks we have a nonexistent sense of humor. And yes we know all that carb loading is taking its toll on our waistlines. Each region has its own variations -- there are more than 1,500 -- ranging from dark and heavy rye breads in the north to lighter wheat breads in the south. The Lnder have to bear the costs of increasing numbers of students who attend for free and cannot keep up with building repairs. Launched in December last year, this clusters all regional research in artificial intelligence and is heavily supported by big companies such as BMW, Daimler, Porsche, Bosch and Facebook. But within two weeks, he was forced to resign. High-tech start-up firms have not made it into the list of Germanys top 100 companies for decades. - Quora Answer (1 of 76): Not to put too fine a point on it, but they weren't. The most impressive scientific advances of the day - in chemistry, in physics, and in mathematics, were accomplished by the Allies. But in general, the Lnder have to finance the universities on their own. More than 90 percent of Japanese teachers emphasized conceptual understanding over problem-solving ability. The Nazis were not inventive, the Germans were. Foreign researchers are increasingly choosing to make their careers in Germany rather than opting for traditional brain magnets such as the United States or the United Kingdom. Science and technology in Germany has a long and illustrious history, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. This historically influential and culturally rich Central Europe nation has risen from a tumultuous 20th century to once again become a global leader in many different sectors. Austria and Hungary also adopted this elitist system. A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. There are pleasant, leisurely hikes along climb-free trails or physically demanding scrambles up narrow, winding paths. Why were 20th Century German scientists so impressive? Unlike in any other country, in Germany you will find many worldwide ranked universities, countless courses to choose from, globally valued degrees that promise high employability to you and affordable living costs. In his collection of essays entitled "Brocas Brain", Carl Sagan gives some excellent insight into Einsteins biography: (I think this an accurate reprint of the original piece). It lost some of its leading lights during the Nazi period, but it was able to rebuild in these areas after World War II, in some areas quite quickly, in others less so. 4 Possible Reasons Germany's Scores Are So Low (After 2004) After looking at all the data and doing some research, here are a few reasons why Germany might have done so poorly since 2004: 1 Germany skips the semi-final. With a national election this month, Germany proves that foresight and stability can power research. Johannes Kepler discovered the laws according to which planets are moving around the sun, who were called Kepler's laws after him. There are more than 1,300 breweries and 5,000 different brew brands helping us drink more beer per person than any other European nation, apart from the Czech Republic. With a maximum of 2.5million per award it is one of highest endowed research prizes in the world. But scientists are generally confident that things will continue to improve steadily. She knows what it is to be a scientist, the value of research, he says. Why were the British and Dutch scientists of 17-th century so impressive? At universities, the share of women holding top-level academic positions has gone from 10% in 2005 to 17.9% in 2014. It still imports highly educated people on a large scale. My spontaneous answer (which needs more research for corroboration) would be something along the lines of: the success of these people has to be explained by their individual situation/talents plus random input from the environment and the right feedback loops(of which education might be just one) Being around the right people at the right time (Grossmann in Einsteins case) might be more crucial than the (educational) culture in general. 4. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Why was French science of the 18-th and 19-th century so impressive, especially in the early part of 19-th century ? Munich. Topic of the week: The future of flying. The bio-chemist Adolf Butenandt independently worked out the molecular structure of the primary male sex hormone of testosterone and was the first to successfully synthesize it from cholesterol in 1935. Administrative departments must serve academics, not the other way around. From flowering pastures to high mountains, they cover an incredible variety of terrain. Nature 549, 1822 (2017). Thousands of studies have been done to demonize the Nazis, to turn them into something to scare children at night. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Martians_(scientists). https://doi.org/10.1038/549018a. In other words, there are firm whys and wherefores that make Germany a hosting country of thousands international PhD students every year. Although many scientists did not consider what she did to be plagiarism, she nevertheless had to resign in 2013. Emil Behring, Ferdinand Cohn, Paul Ehrlich, Robert Koch, Friedrich Loeffler and Rudolph Virchow, six key figures in microbiology, were from Germany. In the DDR, no one got their PhD without an accompanying certificate in the study of MarxismLeninism; Merkels dissertation for that subject, What is the socialist lifestyle?, was accepted with the lowest passing grade. Best Answer. ISSN 0028-0836 (print). What should I explain about post WWII Japan? One by one, the Lnder began allowing universities to run their own affairs. The secret to Germanys scientific excellence. Historical figures in telecommunications. That's a question I've frequently wondered about, and one that Lewis Mumford sought to answer in his 1934 classic Technics & Civilization. This was discussed earlier this year by the Hightech Forum, a government advisory body on which I sit. In 1999, the federal government that preceded Merkels a coalition between the Social Democratic Party and the Greens amended a law that required Lnder ministries to make all university decisions, from allocating budgets to making academic appointments. It is named after the Bavarian physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (17871826), a pioneer of precision optics. The clarity and transparency of this structure appeals to the German order-loving mentality, says Ferdi Schth, a director at the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mlheim. Germany's excellent rail network is mostly still state-owned, with Deutsche Bahn, or DB, operating the majority of trains on both passenger and freight routes. Merkel, who had not been overtly political before, jumped into democratic politics and soon joined the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The worlds most powerful woman, they say, has not forgotten her roots as an East German physicist. 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